Sindh Grade 10 Physics Chapter 1 Introduction

Definition:
Physics is defined as
“A science which deals with the subject of matter and energy and their mutual interaction is called physics.”
There are the following categories of physics:
Mechanics:
It deals with the motion of objects under the action of force.
Electricity:
It is concerned with the events and effects related to electric charges.
Electromagnetism:
It deals with observations, principles, laws, and methods that relate to electricity and magnetism.
Solid-State Physics:
It is concerned with the structure and parts of solid materials’
Atomic physics:
It is concerned with the structure and properties of the atom.
Nuclear physics:
This branch is concerned with the structure, properties, and reactions of the nuclei of atoms.
Plasma physics:
 It is concerned with the properties of highly ionized atoms forming a mixture of bare nuclei (nuclei without electrons) and electrons.
Biophysics:
It is concerned with the application of physical methods and explanation to biophysical systems and structures.
Astrophysics:
It is concerned with the study of the physics of astronomical bodies.
In addition to these branches also there are other branches, say low-temperature physics, particle physics, optics, etc.

Ibn-al-Haitham was a great physics of the Islamic world. He was born in Basra, a renowned city in Iraq. He wrote many books. His masterpiece work was the book named “ Kitabul-Manazir”. It is the first comprehensive book on the light. He developed the laws of reflection and refraction. He constructed the pinhole camera and with this, he obtained an image of the solar eclipse. The most important chapter of his book is on the human eye. The information given is still valid and correct. He was also a great scholar of physics, mathematics, engineering, astronomy, and medicine.